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A Sampler of Civil
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The Bombardment of Fort Sumter
Harper's Weekly, April 27, 1861 |
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| We devote most of our space this
week to illustrations of this memorable event. On pages 264 and 265 will be found a
general picture of the Bombardment, seen from Fort Johnson. On page 260 we give a picture
of the Interior of Fort Sumter during the terrible rain of shot and shell from the
Confederate batteries; and on page 261 an accurate Map of the Harbor of Charleston,
showing the relative position of Sumter and of the batteries by which it was surrounded.
We now subjoin, by way of record, a brief account of the transaction. |
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"The Interior of Fort Sumter During
the Bombardment,"
April 27, 1861, page 260
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| On 8th April
Lieutenant Talbot and Mr. Chew, messengers from the President, informed General Beauregard
that the Government would supply Major Anderson with provisionswhich were denied him
by the South Carolinianspeaceably if they could, forcibly if they must. General
Beauregard referred the message to his Government at Montgomery, and was ordered to reduce
the fort. He summoned Major Anderson to surrender on 11th. The reply was:"I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your
communication, demanding the evacuation of this for, and to say, in reply thereto, that it
is a demand with which I regret that my sense of honor and my obligations to my Government
prevent my compliance."
Accordingly at 4.27 a.m. on 12th fire was
opened from Fort Moultrie on Fort Sumter. To this Major Anderson replied with three of his
barbette guns, after which the batteries on Mount Pleasant, Cummingss Point, and the
Floating Battery opened a brisk fire of shot and shell. Major Anderson did not reply,
except at long intervals, until between seven and eight oclock, when he brought into
action the two tiers of guns looking toward Fort Moultrie and Stevenss iron battery.
The fire continued brisk all day. AT 7 p.m. a heavy rain-storm caused a cessation of
hostilities till 11 p.m. Major Anderson appears to have employed the interval in repairing
damages. At or about 11 p.m. the fire recommenced, and a shell was thrown into Fort Sumter
from each battery every twenty minutes during the night. With daybreak the heavy
bombardment recommenced from all the batteries; the fire was returned from Fort Sumter
with vigor until about 8 a.m., when Fort Sumter was perceived to be on fire. Major
Andersons fighting then slackened, but the fire of the besiegers increased
intensity. At about 10 a.m. Major Anderson lowered his flag to half-mast in token of
distress; perhaps as a signal to the United States vessels which were lying at anchor
outside the bar, unable to get into the harbor so as to participate in the conflict. About
half past ten one or two explosions took place in the fort; it has since been ascertained
that these proceeded from the heating of piles of shells. Meanwhile the fire progressed
rapidly; the whole roof of the barracks was a sheet of flame, and flames and smoke issued
thickly from the casemates. At or about eleven Major Anderson ceased firing, and devoted
his whole attention to putting out the fire. At about noon some of his men were noticed on
the wharf of the fort handing in buckets of water; the besiegers fire, which had
never slackened, was at once directed upon them. In a few minutes afterward Major Anderson
hauled down his flag. A boat then put off, containing ex-Governor Manning, Major D. R.
Jones, and Colonel Charles Allston, to arrange the terms of surrender, which were the same
as those offered on the 11th. These were official. They stated that all proper
facilities would be afforded for the removal of Major Anderson and his command, together
with the company arms and property, and all private property, to any post in the United
States he might elect. Major Anderson stated that he surrendered his sword to General
Beauregard as the representative of the Confederate Government. General Beauregard said he
would not receive it from so brave a man.
The correspondent of the Press telegraphs on 14th:
"The last act in the drama of
Fort Sumter has been concluded. Major Anderson has evacuated, and, with his command,
departed by the steamer Isabel from the harbor. He saluted his flag, and the
company, then forming on the parade-ground, marched out upon the wharf, with drum and fife
playing Yankee Doodle.
"During the salute a pile of cartridges burst in one
of the casemates, killing two men and wounding four others. One was buried in the fort
with military honors. The other will be buried by the soldiers of South Carolina.
"The scene in the city after the raising of the flag
of truce and the surrender is indescribable; the people were perfectly wild. Men on
horseback rode through the streets proclaiming the news, amidst the greatest enthusiasm.
"On the arrival of the officers from the fort they
were marched through the streets, followed by an immense crowd, hurrahing, shouting, and
yelling with excitement.
"The number of soldiers in the fort was about
seventy, besides twenty-five workmen, who assisted at the guns. His stock of provisions
was almost exhausted, however. He would have been starved out in two more days.
"The entrance to the fort is mined, and the officers
were told to be careful, even after the surrender, on account of the heat, lest it should
explode.
"Several fire companies were immediately sent down to
Fort Sumter to put out the fire, and any amount assistance was offered.
"The fort is burned into a mere shell; not a particle
of wood-work can be found. The guns on one side of the parapet are entirely dismounted,
others split, while the gun carriages are knocked into splinters.
"The flames have destroyed every thing. Both officers
and soldiers were obliged to lie on their faces in the casemates to prevent suffocation.
Harper's Weekly,
December 14, 1861 |
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